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Personal protection items. Author: Josu Larrinaga Zugadi.
Down through the years, items to ward off or provide collective protection against bad weather, dark enemies and their feared actions, along with the belief in divine punishments and spells of bad luck have existed in specific geographical areas or immediate social settings (family, friends, neighbourhood, dwelling, properties, etc.). Those items were placed at heights to protect the whole community (bells, crosses, shrines and their religious figures, trunks or trees, fires, etc.) or on abodes (hands, claws or paws, water, plants or vegetables, religious motifs, physical and painted crosses, or displaying the Sacred Heart, etc.).
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Religious medallions and charms. Patxo Fernández de Jauregui. Labayru Fundazioa Photographic Archive.
The evil eye is an ancient superstitious belief well extended across the globe. This folk illness receives similar names in all languages worldwide: begizkoa in Basque, mal de ojo in Spanish, mauvais œil in French…, always referring to the human eye as responsible for it. The main mechanism for transmission is the malevolent power in the glance of some people to cast a curse on young children or vulnerable beings. Certain individuals are believed to project a mysterious energy with their eyes known as adurra in Basque. Envy and evil speaking or malediction, from Latin maledictio, along with several witchcraft rituals, can cause the same effect. (more…)
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