For a human settlement, in its broadest sense, to occur the first step is to clear the land (lurra atera or luberritu, in Basque). Temporary forest clearings (labakiak or lur ebakiak) are customarily opened in middle-mountain commons (herriko lurrak), which are both resource and reserve for new land. In 1950 Lapurdi the moors took up between 40 and 75 % of the communal land. The open access and exploitation of shared land was regulated by the Charter. (more…)